1. b. Which age-related changes in the respiratory system cause decreased secretion clearance (select all that apply)? 27: Lower Respiratory Problems / CH. Major nursing care planning goals for COVID-19 may include: Establishing goals, interventions. A) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 28: Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases. a. Etiology The most common cause for this condition is poor oxygen levels. Select all that apply. a. Assessing altered skin integrity risks, fatigue, impaired comfort, gas exchange, nutritional needs, and nausea. An indicator of inadequate fluid volume is a urine output of less than 30 ml/hr for 2 consecutive hours. A 73-year-old patient has an SpO2 of 70%. Doing activities at the same time will only increase the demands of oxygen in the body, and patients with pneumonia cannot tolerate it. Chest x-ray examination: To confirm presence of pneumonia (i.e., infiltrate appearing on the film). 1. Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Pneumonia can be hospital-acquired, which presents after the patient has been admitted for 2 days. Add heparin to the blood specimen. With acute bronchitis, clear sputum is often present, although some patients have purulent sputum. An open reduction and internal fixation of the tibia were performed the day of the trauma. Generally, two types of pneumonia are distinguished: community-acquired and hospital-associated (nosocomial). This assessment helps ensure that surgical patients remain infection-free, as nosocomial pneumonia has a high morbidity and mortality rate. Encourage movement and positioning.Mobile patients should be encouraged to ambulate several times a day to mobilize secretions. c. Patient in hypovolemic shock The treatment and medication should be prescribed by the attending physician and do not take meds that are not prescribed to prevent unnecessary drug interaction. Assess breath sounds, respiratory rate and depth, sp02, blood pressure and heart rate, and capillary refill to monitor for signs of hypoxia and changes in perfusion. Her experience spans almost 30 years in nursing, starting as an LVN in 1993. Nursing diagnosis for pleural effusion may vary depending on the patient's individual symptoms and condition. https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/pneumonia, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00304.x, https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/234753-overview#a4, Hypertension Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan, The ABCs of Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing, Diminished lung sounds or crackles/rhonchi, Patient will demonstrate appropriate airway clearance techniques, Patient will display improvement in airway clearance as evidenced by clear breath sounds and an even and unlabored respiratory rate, Hypoventilation causing a lack of oxygen delivery, Patient will display appropriate oxygenation through ABGs within normal limits, Patient will demonstrate appropriate actions to promote ventilation and oxygenation, Inadequate primary defenses: decreased ciliary action, respiratory secretions, Invasive procedures: suctioning, intubation, Patient will not develop a secondary infection or sepsis, Patient will display improvement in infection evidenced by vital signs and lab values within normal limits. f. PEFR: (6) Maximum rate of airflow during forced expiration 3. Which instructions does the nurse provide for the patient? Make sure to avoid flowers, strong smell scents, dust, and other allergens that are present in the room. 1. Normal venous blood gas values reflect the normal uptake of oxygen from arterial blood and the release of carbon dioxide from cells into the blood, resulting in a much lower PaO2 and an increased PaCO2. b. Nutritional-metabolic Cancer of the lung Provide factual information about the disease process in a written or verbal form. The nurse anticipates that interprofessional management will include Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Gas Exchange related to the overproduction of mucus in the airway passage secondary to pneumonia as evidenced by cyanosis, restlessness, and irritability. Reports facial pain at a level of 6 on a 10-point scale Recognize the risk factors for infection in patients with tracheostomy and take the following actions: Risk factors include the presence of underlying pulmonary disease or other serious illness, increased colonization of the oropharynx or trachea by aerobic gram-negative bacteria, increased bacterial access to the lower airway, and cross-contamination from manipulation of the tracheostomy tube. Normal findings in arterial blood gases (ABGs) in the older adult include a small decrease in PaO2 and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) but normal pH and PaCO2. When does the nurse record the presence of an increased anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the chest? With loss of consciousness, the gag and cough reflexes are depressed, and aspiration is more likely to occur. a. associated with increased fluid loss in the presence of tachypnea, fever, or diaphoresis Desired outcome: at least 24 hours before hospital discharge, the patient is normovolemic, i.e., has a urine output of 30 mL/h or greater, stable weight, heart rate less than 100 bpm, blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg, fluid intake equal to fluid excretion, moist mucous membranes, and normal skin turgor. 1. b. SpO2 of 95%; PaO2 of 70 mm Hg Signs and Symptoms of impaired gas exchange dyspnea, SOB cough hemoptysis: coughing up blood abnormal breathing patterns: tachypnea, diabetic ketoacidosis, kusbal respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis leads to hypoxemia through kusbal resp trying to get rid of extra CO2) hypoventilation hyperventilation cyanosis (late sign) 1. i. Sexuality-reproductive: Sexual activity altered by respiratory symptoms d) 8. Pneumonia is an infection itself but a risk for infection nursing diagnosis is appropriate as untreated pneumonia can progress into a secondary infection or sepsis. a. 3.2 Impaired Gas Exchange. b. Teach the patient to use the incentive spirometer as advised by their attending physician. b. Copious nasal discharge A) Use a cool mist humidifier to help with breathing. Direct pressure on the entire soft lower portion of the nose against the nasal septum for 10 to 15 minutes is indicated for epistaxis. Antiviral agents will help reduce the duration and severity of influenza in those at high risk, but immunization is the best control. Maintain intravenous (IV) fluid therapy as prescribed. b. Surfactant b. Decreased functional cilia Respiratory distress requires immediate medical intervention. Select all that apply. a. Complains of dry mouth Early small airway closure contributes to decreased PaO2. Bronchoconstriction The most common causes of HCAP and HAP are MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. Pneumonia: Bacterial or viral infections in the lungs . Please follow your facilities guidelines, policies, and procedures. a. Visualize and note some changes when it comes to the color of the skin, quality of mucous production, and nail beds. 6. Sputum samples can be cultured to appropriately treat the type of bacteria causing infection. f. Instruct the patient not to talk during the procedure. Assess the need for hyperinflation therapy. Since the patients body is having difficulty with gas exchange due to pneumonia, it will benefit him/her to have some supplementary oxygen treatment to assist in the demands of the body. During the day, basket stars curl up their arms and become a compact mass. b. Medications such as paracetamol, ibuprofen, and. f. Hyperresonance Warm and moisturize inhaled air h. FRC An initial negative skin test should be repeated in 1 to 3 weeks and if the second test is negative, the individual can be considered uninfected. Antibiotics: To treat bacterial pneumonia. arrives in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) following surgery, what priority assessments should the nurse make in the immediate postoperative period? c. Empyema A) Seizures The cough with pertussis may last from 6 to 10 weeks. Administer oxygen.Supplemental oxygen may be needed to support oxygenation and to maintain sp02 levels. Assess the patients knowledge about Pneumonia. d. Place 1 hand on the lower anterior chest and 1 hand on the upper abdomen. If the patient is enteral fed, recommend continuous rather than bolus feeding. They will further understand the topic since they already have an idea of what is it about. Pinch the soft part of the nose. f. Cognitive-perceptual 25: Assessment: Respiratory System / CH. 1) Seizures The other options do not maintain inflation of the alveoli. Normal mixed venous blood gases also have much lower partial pressure of oxygen in venous blood (PvO2) and venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) than ABGs. The injected inactivated influenza vaccine is recommended for individuals 6 months of age and older and those at increased risk for influenza-related complications, such as people with chronic medical conditions or those who are immunocompromised, residents of long-term care facilities, health care workers, and providers of care to at-risk persons. Place the patient in a comfortable position. c. Lateral sequence Thorough hand hygiene before and after patient contact (even if gloves are worn). b. . Course crackles sound like blowing through a straw under water and occur in pneumonia when there is severe congestion. e. Sleep-rest: Sleep apnea. Impaired gas exchange is a condition that occurs when there is an insufficient amount of oxygen in the blood. Primary care, with acute or intensive care hospitalization due to complications. Patient who is anesthetized f) 2. Perform steam inhalation or nebulization as required/ prescribed. e. Rapid respiratory rate. d. treatment with medication only if the pharyngitis does not resolve in 3 to 4 days. 4. h. Role-relationship: Loss of roles at work or home, exposure to respiratory toxins at work Teach the patient some useful relaxation techniques and diversional activities such as proper deep breathing exercises. Start asking what they know about the disease and further discuss it with the patient. Nursing diagnoses handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. b. RV Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Gas Exchange related to alveolar edema due to elevated ventricular pressures secondary to CHF as evidenced by shortness of breath, Monitor cuff pressure every 8 hours. Priority Decision: A pulse oximetry monitor indicates that the patient has a drop in arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) from 95% to 85% over several hours. b. Cuff pressure monitoring is not required. Oral hygiene moisturizes dehydrated tissues and mucous membranes in patients with fluid deficit. The following diagnoses are usually made when caring for patients with pneumonia: Impaired gas exchange Ineffective airway clearance Ineffective breathing pattern Knowledge deficit/Deficient knowledge Activity intolerance Risk for infection Risk for nutritional imbalance: less than body requirements 3.3 Risk for Infection. The cuff passively fills with air. Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia. Allow 90 minutes for. 4. Attempt to replace the tube. Obtain a sputum sample for culture.If the patient can cough, have them expectorate sputum for testing. - Manifestations of a lung abscess usually occur slowly over a period of weeks to months, especially if anaerobic organisms are the cause. Advised the patient to dispose of and let out the secretions. Air trapping 3. These techniques mentioned will greatly help the patient to avoid respiratory distress and assist the body to take in oxygen and avoid hypoxia. This can be due to a compromised respiratory system or due to lung disease. Other bacteria that can cause pneumonia include H. influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Legionella pneumonia, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Otherwise, scroll down to view this completed care plan. Always maintain sterility or aseptic techniques when performing any invasive procedure. It is important to have an initial assessment of the patient and use it as a comparison for future reference or referral. Cleveland Clinic. c. Terminal structures of the respiratory tract c. Course crackles f. Airflow around the tube and through the window allows speech when the cuff is deflated and the plug is inserted. Rest lowers the oxygen demand of a patient whose reserves are likely to be limited. If the patients condition worsens or lab values do not improve, they may not be receiving the correct antibiotic for the bacteria causing infection. Community-acquired pneumonia occurs outside of the hospital or facility setting. Fever reducers and pain relievers. The nurse should assess the patient's cardiopulmonary status with careful monitoring of vital signs, cardiac rhythm, pulse oximetry, arterial blood gases (ABGs), and lung sounds. Abnormal. 2. c. A nasogastric tube with orders for tube feedings Consider using a closed suction system; replace closed suction system according to agency guidelines. a. a. Wheezing is a sign of airway obstruction that requires immediate intervention to ensure effective gas exchange. Nigel wishes to use the PES format for Mr. Hannigan's nursing diagnoses. b) 6. Associated with altered oxygenation and alveolar-capillary membrane changes resulting from the inflammatory process and exudate in the lungs. All of the assessments are appropriate, but the most important is the patient's oxygen status. d. Initiate pulse oximetry for continuous monitoring of the patient's oxygen status. Important sounds may be missed if the other strategies are used first. They are as follows: Ineffective Airway Clearance Impaired Gas Exchange Ineffective Breathing Pattern Risk for Infection Acute Pain Decreased Activity Tolerance Hyperthermia Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements Pulse oximetry is inaccurate if the probe is loose, if there is low perfusion, or when skin color is dark. Impaired gas exchange is caused by conditions such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or asthma. These measures ensure consistency and accuracy of weight measurements. Tachycardia (resting heart rate [HR] more than 100 bpm). g. FEV1 a. Assess the patient for iodine allergy. The patient will also be able to reach maximum lung expansion with proper ventilation to keep up with the demands of the body. b. Repeat the ABGs within an hour to validate the findings. Oxygen is administered when O2 saturation or ABG results show hypoxemia. A patient's ABGs include a PaO2 of 88 mm Hg and a PaCO2 of 38 mm Hg, and mixed venous blood gases include a partial pressure of oxygen in venous blood (PvO2) of 40 mm Hg and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood (PvCO2) of 46 mm Hg. Functional Health Pattern Auscultation of breath sounds every 2 to 4 hours (or depending on the patients condition) and reporting of changes in the patients ability to secrete lung secretions. Impaired gas exchange is a nursing diagnosis for a patient suffering current or future problems with oxygen/carbon dioxide balance (unknown, 2012). 2 8 Nursing diagnosis for pneumonia. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Help the patient get into a comfortable position, usually the half-Fowler position. nursing care plan for pneumonia nursing care plan for stroke nursing care . A pulmonary angiogram involves the injection of an iodine-based radiopaque dye, and iodine or shellfish allergies should be assessed before injection. For best yield, blood cultures should be obtained before antibiotics are administered. Reporting complications of hyperinflation therapy to the health care provider. Bronchoconstriction Supplemental oxygen will help in the increased demand of the body and will lower the risk of having respiratory distress and low oxygen perfusion in the body. If O2 saturation does not increase to an acceptable level (greater than 92%), FiO2 is increased in small increments while simultaneously checking O2 saturation or obtaining ABG values. What measures should be taken to maintain F.N. What the oxygenation status is with a stress test (2020). A risk nursing diagnosis describes human responses to health conditions or life processes that may develop in a vulnerable individual, family, or community. An ET tube has a higher risk of tracheal pressure necrosis. Retrieved February 9, 2022, from https://www.sepsis.org/sepsis-basics/testing-for-sepsis/, Yang, Fang1#; Yang, Yi1#; Zeng, Lingchan2; Chen, Yiwei1; Zeng, Gucheng1 Nutrition Metabolism and Infections, Infectious Microbes & Diseases: September 2021 Volume 3 Issue 3 p 134-141 doi: 10.1097/IM9.0000000000000061 (Pneumonia: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes & Prevention, 2020). Drug therapy is an alternative to avoidance of the allergens, but long-term use of decongestants can cause rebound nasal congestion. He or she will also comply and participate in the special treatment program designed for his or her condition. - It requires identification of specific, personalized risk factors, such as smoking, advanced age, and obesity. c. a throat culture or rapid strep antigen test. Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after maximum inspiration What accurately describes the alveolar sacs? Usually, people with pneumonia preferred their heads elevated with a pillow. Assist patient in a comfortable position. With severe pneumonia, the patient needs a higher level of care than general medical-surgical. The treatment is macrolide (erythromycin, azithromycin [Zithromax]) antibiotics to minimize symptoms and prevent the spread of the disease. Associated with the presence of tracheobronchial secretions that occur with infection Desired outcomes: The patient demonstrates an effective cough. Discharging the patient is unsafe. 4) f. Instruct the patient not to talk during the procedure. c. Mucociliary clearance Impaired Gas Exchange Thisnursing diagnosis for asthma relates to the decreased amount of air that is exchanged during inspiration and expiration. Atrial Fibrillation Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan, Readiness for Enhanced Coping Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plans, Cystic Fibrosis Nursing Diagnosis Care Plan - NurseStudy.Net. e. Increased tactile fremitus Assess lung sounds and vital signs. Anatomy of the Respiratory System The respiratory system is composed of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. is a 28-year-old male patient who sustained bilateral fractures of the nose, 3 rib fractures, and a comminuted fracture of the tibia in an automobile crash 5 days ago. Always wear gloves on both hands for suctioning. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses. On inspection, the throat is reddened and edematous with patchy yellow exudates. c. Take the specimen immediately to the laboratory in an iced container. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Disord, Lewis Ch. The oxygenation status with a stress test would not assist the nurse in caring for the patient now. a. Stridor A relative increase in antibody titers indicates viral infection. What testing is indicated? Interstitial edema Elevate the head of the bed and assist the patient to assume semi-Fowlers position. Desired Outcome: At the end of the span of care, the patient will be able to understand the transmission, disease process, and available treatments for pneumonia. c. Elimination Also called nosocomial pneumonia, this type of pneumonia originates from being admitted in the hospital. d. Chronic herpes simplex infections of the mouth and lips. When obtaining a health history from a patient with possible cancer of the mouth, what would the nurse expect the patient to report? Impaired Gas Exchange is a NANDA nursing diagnosis that is used for conditions where there is an alteration in the balance between the exchange of gases in the lungs. Retrieved February 9, 2022, from, Pneumonia: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes & Prevention. Wear gloves on both hands when handling the cannula or when handling ventilation tubing. Lung consolidation with fluid or exudate Facilitate coordination within the care team to allow rest periods between care activities. Outcomes Interventions Rationale with reference Eval of goal/outcomes Gas r/t alveolar- membrane AEB Positive for strep Bi-pap to maintain rhonchi diminished breath bilaterally. Anna Curran. Examine sputum for volume, odor, color, and consistency; document findings. Identify candidates for surgical intervention who are at increased risk for nosocomial pneumonia. Document the results in the patient's record. Post author: Post published: February 17, 2023 Post category: orange curriculum controversy Post comments: toys shops in istanbul, turkey toys shops in istanbul, turkey Long-term denture use Look for and report urine output less than 30 ml/hr or 0.5 ml/kg/hr. Volume of air in lungs after normal exhalation, a. Vt: (3) Volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath She takes the topics that the students are learning and expands on them to try to help with their understanding of the nursing process and help nursing students pass the NCLEX exams. A) 1, 2, 3, 4 As such, here are the signs and symptoms that demonstrate the presence of impaired gas exchange. Auscultate breath sounds at least every 2 to 4 hours or as the patients condition dictates. Breath sounds in all lobes are verified to be sure that there was no damage to the lung. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. When F.N. Environmental irritants such as flowers, dust, and strong perfume smell or any strong smelling substance will only worsen the patients condition. The tissue changes of TB and cancer of the lung may be diagnosed by chest x-ray or CT scan, MRI, or positron emission tomography (PET) scans. 2. Use the antibiotic to treat the bacterial pneumonia, which is the underlying cause of the patients hyperthermia. Impaired gas exchange related to alveolar-capillary membrane changes as evidenced by shortness of breath, low SPO2, and bacteria found in sputum culture. Sepsis Alliance. c. Use cromolyn nasal spray prophylactically year-round. Severe pneumonia can be life-threatening for patients who are very young, very old (age 65 and above), and immunocompromised (e.g. Administer the prescribed airway medications (e.g. The thoracic cage is formed by the ribs and protects the thoracic organs. Pleurisy, a) 7. Nurses Pocket Guide Diagnoses, Prioritized Interventions, and Rationales (11th ed.). d. Comparison of patient's current vital signs with normal vital signs. A patient's initial purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test result is positive. a. Report weight changes of 1-1.5 kg/day. Identify the ability of the patient to perform self-care and do activities of daily living. The arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) compared with normal values will not be helpful in this older patient or in a patient with respiratory disease as the patient's expected normal will not be the same as standard normal values. Nursing Diagnosis Impaired Gas Exchange related to to altered alveolarcapillary membrane changes due to pneumonia disease process. c. Explain the test before the patient signs the informed consent form. Signs and symptoms of respiratory distress include agitation, anxiety, mental status changes, shortness of breath, tachypnea, and use of accessory respiratory muscles. Guillain-Barr syndrome, illicit drug use, and recent abdominal surgery do not put the patient at an increased risk for aspiration pneumonia. A) Inform the patient that it is one of the side effects of Refer to a community-based smoking cessation program or offer nicotine replacement therapy as needed. d. Notify the health care provider of the change in baseline PaO2. d. An ET tube is more likely to lead to lower respiratory tract infection. Assisting the patient in moderate-high backrest will facilitate better lung expansion thus they can breathe better and would feel comfortable. c. Decreased chest wall compliance The type of antibiotic is determined after a sputum culture result is obtained and the specific type of bacteria is known. The palms are placed against the chest wall to assess tactile fremitus. In addition, have the patient upright and leaning forward to prevent swallowing blood. Collaboration: In planning the care for a patient with a tracheostomy who has been stable and is to be discharged later in the day, the registered nurse (RN) may delegate which interventions to the licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/VN) (select all that apply)? What is a primary nursing responsibility after obtaining a blood specimen for ABGs? Position the patient on the side. 1. During a follow-up visit one week after starting the medication, the patient tells the nurse, "In the last week, my urine turned orange, and I am very worried about it." People with community-acquired pneumonia usually do not need to be hospitalized unless an underlying condition such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease or diabetes mellitus, or a weakened immune system complicates the disease. What priority discharge teaching should the nurse provide? Buy on Amazon, Silvestri, L. A. Watch for signs and symptoms of respiratory distress and report them promptly. What are the characteristics of a fenestrated tracheostomy tube (select all that apply)? The patient will have improved gas exchange. Subjective Data The patient reports a sudden onset of shortness of breath, slight chest pain, and that "something is wrong." Use narcotics and sedatives with caution.Narcotics for pain control or anti-anxiety medications should be monitored closely as they can further suppress the respiratory system. The available treatments of pneumonia can give a good prognosis to the patient for as long as he or she complies with it. The nurse identifies which factor that places a patient at risk for aspiration pneumonia? Which respiratory defense mechanism is most impaired by smoking? Buy on Amazon, Ignatavicius, D. D., Workman, M. L., Rebar, C. R., & Heimgartner, N. M. (2018). d. Pleural friction rub The greatest chance for a pneumothorax occurs with a thoracentesis because of the possibility of lung tissue injury during this procedure. d. Reflex bronchoconstriction. Ventilation-perfusion scans and positron emission tomography (PET) scans involve injections, but no manipulation of the respiratory tract is involved. Select all that apply. A) Pneumonia Doenges, M. E., Moorhouse, M. F., & Murr, A. C. (2008). Fine crackles at the base of the lungs are likely to disappear with deep breathing. Select all that apply. Pleurisy Document the results in the patient's record. All other answers indicate a negative response to skin testing. Symptoms Altered consciousness Anxiety Changes in arterial blood gases (ABGs) Chest Tightness Coughing, with yellow sticky sputum Line the lung pleura What does the nurse teach the patient with intermittent allergic rhinitis is the most effective way to decrease allergic symptoms? For this reason, the nurse should sit the patient up as tolerated and apply oxygen before eliciting additional help. Ackley, B. J., Ladwig, G. B., Makic, M. B., Martinez-Kratz, M. R., & Zanotti, M. (2020). Priority: Sleep management e. Suction the tracheostomy tube when there is a moist cough or a decreased arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2). What Are Some Nursing Diagnosis for COPD? a. Carina Buy on Amazon. Hospital acquired pneumonia may be due to an infected. How does the nurse respond? Gram-negative pneumonia is associated with a high mortality rate, even with appropriate antibiotic therapy. Factors associated with aspiration pneumonia include old age, impaired gag reflex, surgical procedures, debilitating disease, and decreased level of consciousness. 1) SpO2 of 85% 2) PaCO2 of 65 mm Hg 3) Thick yellow mucus expectorant 4) Respiratory rate of 24 breaths/minute 5) Dullness to percussion over the affected area Click the card to flip What action should the nurse take? The bacteria may enter the blood stream and cause, Trouble sleeping. Mixed venous blood gases are used when patients are hemodynamically unstable to evaluate the amount of oxygen delivered to the tissue and the amount of oxygen consumed by the tissues. The nurse explains that usual treatment includes Coughing and difficulty of breathing may cause. 3. patients will better understand the health teachings if there is a written or oral guide for him/her to look back to. Report significant findings. 8. c. Send labeled specimen containers to the laboratory. F. A. Davis Company. Nuclear scans use radioactive materials for diagnosis, but the amounts are very small and no radiation precautions are indicated for the patient. Related to: As evidenced by: the medication. c. It has two tubings with one opening just above the cuff. Bronchophony occurs with pneumonia but is a spoken or whispered word that is more distinct than normal on auscultation. This information is intended to be nursing education and should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment. There is alteration in the normal respiratory process of an individual. Encourage rest and limit exertion.Patients may not be able to tolerate too much activity.
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